Environmental Scientists

Career Guide, Skills, Salary, Growth Paths & Would I Like It, My MAPP Fit

(ONET Code: 19-2041.00)

Back to Life, Physical & Social Science

1 | Career Snapshot (2024–25 U.S.)

  • What they do: Environmental Scientists identify, reduce, and prevent environmental hazards. They analyze soil, water, air, and human activity to advise governments, corporations, and communities on sustainable practices.
  • Median annual pay (May 2023): $78,980
  • Employment, 2023: ≈ 85,000
  • Projected growth, 2022–32: +6% (faster than average)
  • Average openings/year: ≈ 7,500

Why demand is rising: Expanding climate regulations, corporate sustainability mandates, and global environmental monitoring.

2 | Core Responsibilities

Domain Key Tasks Methods & Tools (2025)
Pollution Control Study sources of air, water, soil contamination GIS mapping, EPA-approved testing
Climate & Sustainability Assess environmental impact of policies & projects Life cycle analysis (LCA), climate models
Compliance Ensure adherence to local, state, and federal environmental laws EPA/OSHA standards, ISO 14001 audits
Risk Assessment Model chemical/biological hazards Environmental sampling, hazard modeling software
Public Policy & Outreach Translate science into policy & community action Stakeholder meetings, technical writing
 

3 | Where They Work

  • Government Agencies: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Energy (DOE), NOAA, state environmental quality departments
  • Private Industry: Energy companies, environmental consulting firms, Fortune 500 sustainability divisions
  • Research & Academia: University-based environmental labs
  • Nonprofits/NGOs: World Resources Institute, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Sierra Club
  • International Bodies: UN Environment Programme (UNEP), World Bank climate initiatives

4 | Salary Ladder (2025)

Role Level Compensation Range
Field & Lab Technician $40–55k
Environmental Scientist (Entry) $55–75k
Project Manager / Consultant $75–100k
Senior Scientist / Director $100–130k
Chief Sustainability Officer $130–180k+
 

5 | Education & Credentials

  • Bachelor’s in Environmental Science, Biology, Chemistry, or Geosciences: Entry-level roles in testing, compliance, and fieldwork
  • Master’s in Environmental Science/Policy: Required for consulting, management, or government roles
  • Ph.D.: Needed for advanced research or university teaching
  • Certifications: LEED, OSHA HAZWOPER, Certified Environmental Professional (CEP)

6 | Core Competencies

  • GIS & spatial analysis
  • Lab & field sampling techniques
  • Climate modeling & environmental statistics
  • Regulatory knowledge (EPA, state/local laws)
  • Stakeholder engagement & communication

7 | Key Trends (2025–2030)

  • Climate Resilience: Expanding roles in adaptation planning and green infrastructure
  • Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS): Demand for environmental oversight in energy transition projects
  • Corporate ESG Compliance: Fortune 500 companies hiring sustainability experts to meet reporting standards
  • Renewable Energy Expansion: Assessing wind, solar, and geothermal impacts
  • AI in Environmental Monitoring: Satellite-driven detection of pollution and ecosystem changes

8 | Potential Hiring Companies & Organizations

  • Government: U.S. EPA, NOAA, Department of Energy, State Environmental Agencies
  • Consulting: AECOM, Tetra Tech, ERM (Environmental Resources Management)
  • Energy & Industry: Tesla (sustainability), Chevron (compliance teams), NextEra Energy (renewables)
  • Nonprofits: World Resources Institute, NRDC, Environmental Defense Fund
  • International: UN Environment Programme, World Bank climate programs

9 | Pivot Pathways

Feeder Role How to Transition
Chemist Move into environmental testing with additional compliance training
Civil Engineer Transition into sustainability projects through green infrastructure work
Data Analyst Apply data science to environmental modeling and risk assessment
 

10 | Burnout Buffer

  • Rotate between field and office work to balance intensity
  • Take roles that mix technical tasks with policy or public engagement
  • Focus on purpose-driven organizations that align with personal values

11 | Is This Career Path Right for You?

If you’re motivated by solving environmental challenges, enjoy fieldwork as much as policy analysis, and want to make a direct impact on sustainability, environmental science may be your fit. If you prefer predictable work environments or dislike navigating regulations, it may not be ideal.

👉 Find out free: Take the MAPP Career Assessment. Discover if your motivations align with impact-driven science careers like this one.

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