Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists

Career Guide, Skills, Salary, Growth Paths & Would I Like It, My MAPP Fit

(ONET Code: 19-1023.00 · Titles include Zoologist, Wildlife Biologist, Animal Ecologist, Conservation Biologist, Fish & Wildlife Biologist, Conservation Scientist)

Back to Life, Physical & Social Science

1 | Career Snapshot (2024–25 U.S.)

  • What they do: Study animals and wildlife, their behaviors, interactions with ecosystems, and the impact of human activity. Work ranges from researching endangered species to shaping conservation policy.
  • Median annual pay (May 2023): $70,600
  • Employment, 2023: ≈ 19,800
  • Projected growth, 2022–32: +4% (average)
  • Average openings/year: ≈ 1,500
  • Top-pay metros (2023): Alaska $95k · Washington DC $90k · California $88k

Why demand is rising: Climate change, biodiversity loss, and conservation mandates increase the need for zoologists and wildlife biologists who can bridge research with public policy.

2 | Core Responsibilities

Domain Key Tasks Tools & Methods (2025)
Animal Behavior & Ecology Observe, track, and analyze animal interactions Camera traps, drones, ethograms
Population Monitoring Estimate species counts, assess extinction risks GPS collars, telemetry, GIS mapping
Conservation Management Design & evaluate wildlife protection plans Population models, IUCN Red List criteria
Habitat Assessment Study ecosystems, migration, climate impacts Remote sensing, satellite imagery
Lab Work Analyze genetics, disease, diet DNA sequencing, isotope analysis, bioacoustics
Policy & Advocacy Prepare scientific reports, advise governments Technical writing, public speaking
 

3 | Where They Work

  • Field Stations & Parks – Tracking and monitoring wildlife populations
  • Government Agencies (USGS, NOAA, U.S. Fish & Wildlife) – Policy & species management
  • Research Labs & Universities – Scientific research and teaching
  • NGOs & Nonprofits (WWF, Conservation International) – Global conservation work
  • Zoos & Aquariums – Research, breeding programs, education

Typical week blends fieldwork (collecting data), lab work (analyzing samples), and stakeholder meetings.

4 | Salary Ladder (2025)

Role Level Compensation Range What Success Looks Like
Field Tech $35–50k Data collection, animal tracking
Zoologist / Wildlife Biologist I $50–70k Publish reports, assist research
Senior Scientist $70–95k Manage projects, conservation initiatives
Principal Scientist / Team Lead $95–120k Oversee programs, secure grants
Conservation Director $120–160k+ Lead major initiatives, shape policy
 

5 | Education & Credentials

  • Bachelor’s (4 yrs): Zoology, Wildlife Biology, Ecology
  • Master’s (+2): Needed for most field and conservation roles
  • Ph.D. (+4–6): Required for academia, research leadership, and principal investigator roles
  • Certifications:
    • Ecological Society of America (ESA)
    • GIS & Remote Sensing
    • Wildlife handling permits
  • Field Skills: GPS, telemetry, drone operations, habitat modeling

6 | Core Competencies

  • Strong observation & data analysis skills
  • Knowledge of ecology, genetics, physiology, animal behavior
  • Proficiency with GIS & statistical software (R/Python)
  • Technical writing & grant writing
  • Ability to communicate conservation needs to policymakers & the public

7 | Key Trends (2025–2030)

  • Biodiversity Crisis: Global push for species protection
  • Climate Migration Studies: Tracking changing animal ranges
  • AI & Tech: Machine-learning wildlife recognition, drones, bioacoustics
  • One Health Movement: Wildlife health tied to human disease prevention
  • Citizen Science: Public data fueling large-scale monitoring projects

8 | Pivot Pathways

Feeder Role How to Transition
Park Ranger Gain zoology coursework; pivot to wildlife monitoring
Vet Tech Transition lab/animal skills to field & conservation biology
Environmental Scientist Shift from general ecology to wildlife specialization
 

9 | Burnout Buffer

  • Rotate field and office duties to prevent fatigue
  • Work with supportive NGO/government teams
  • Balance science with advocacy for renewed purpose

10 | Is This Career Path Right for You?

If you love being outdoors, working with animals, and protecting ecosystems, this path could be deeply rewarding. But if you dislike irregular hours, travel, or grant-writing, another science career may fit better.

11 | Skill-Sprint Plan (12 Months)

Month Action
1–2 Learn GIS basics (ArcGIS/QGIS)
3–4 Volunteer for local conservation project
5–6 Practice wildlife tracking & data collection
7 Take R/Python ecology course
8–9 Join The Wildlife Society; attend webinars
10 Earn FAA drone pilot certification
11 Publish small wildlife study online
12 Apply for conservation internships or entry-level jobs
 

👉 Find out free: Take the MAPP Career Assessment at Assessment.com. It reveals whether your curiosity, grit, and motivations align with a career in wildlife science.

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